An M L 3.6 event on 16 August 2012 caused building damage and led to serious public concern 5. In Netherlands, there have been over 1000 induced earthquakes in the Groningen gas field since 1986. In addition to tectonism, seismicity can be induced by the addition or removal of either surface water or groundwater and by the injection or removal of fluids due to industrial activity 3, 4. An earthquake occurs when two blocks within the earth suddenly slip past one another.
For moderate to large earthquakes, such real-time reporting could lead to the issuance of early warnings to the public prior to the arrival of destructive and deadly seismic waves for small earthquakes, it helps characterize subsurface activities and delineate fault movements. In particular, the reporting of earthquake locations (or hypocenters) in real time helps provide an assessment of potential hazards in local areas. Locating earthquakes constitutes a fundamental problem in seismology 1, 2. It requires approximately one hundredth of a second to locate an event without the need for any velocity model or human interference. The automated system is able to distinguish certain interfered events or events out of the monitoring zone based on the output probability estimate. Correct ground truth leads to a mean epicenter error of 2.0 km in predictions, but adding a mean location error of 6.3 km to ground truth causes a mean epicenter error of 4.9 km. Synthetic tests suggest that the accuracy of ground truth from catalog affects the prediction results. The prediction results suggest that the mean epicenter errors of the testing events (M L ≥ 1.5) vary from 3.7 to 6.4 km, meeting the need of the traffic light system in Oklahoma, but smaller events (M L = 1.0, 0.5) show errors larger than 11 km. The accurate and automated determination of small earthquake (M L M L ≥ 0.5), and the output is a 3D volume of the event location probability in the Earth.
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